IP3 ReceptorMediated Calcium Signaling and Its Role in Biology Diagrams The degradation of cell cycle proteins can facilitate cell cycle exit. The process of autophagy also liberates macromolecules for the newly generated cell to build membranes, synthesize RNA and The mammalian cell cycle is divided into four sequential phases, namely G1 (Gap 1), S (synthesis), G2 (Gap 2), and M (mitosis). However, the mechanism underlying the turnover of Wee1 is not fully understood. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by eliminating intracellular aggregations, damaged
Autophagy, like cell cycle arrest, is induced in response to a variety of stress conditions, where it plays a pivotal role in preserving cellular viability . While the correlative induction of autophagy and cell-cycle arrest has been extensively documented, the molecular mechanisms linking them together are still debated and largely unknown. More importantly, cell cycle inhibitors, such as genotoxic drugs that cause DNA damage and cell cycle arrest to inhibit tumor cell division, always activate autophagy, which delays cell death and may therefore lead to chemoresistance 15, 126, 173. It is important to evaluate the ability of specific autophagy to affect the efficacy and Autophagy is a self-degradation pathway, in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Under basal conditions, autophagy plays a homeostatic function. However, in response to various stresses, the pathway can be further induce โฆ
Selective Autophagy Regulates Cell Cycle in Cancer Therapy Biology Diagrams
Autophagy has been postulated to prevent tumorigenesis by limiting necrosis and inflammation, inducing cell cycle arrest and preventing genome instability [22,23]. Autophagy has also recently been shown to be required for key aspects of the senescent cell phenotype [ 24 ], which is known to be anti-tumourigenic. Autophagy is the major intracellular degradation system by which cytoplasmic materials are delivered to and degraded in the lysosome. However, the purpose of autophagy is not the simple elimination of materials, but instead, autophagy serves as a dynamic recycling system that produces new building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis. Several cellular processes can interfere with the cell cycle, including autophagy, the catabolic pathway involved in degradation of intracellular constituents in lysosomes. According to the mechanism used to deliver cargo to the lysosome, autophagy can be classified as macroautophagy (MA), microautophagy (MI), or chaperone-mediated autophagy
